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September 2012- Version n°22
ANRS - AC 11 : RESISTANCE GROUP
GENOTYPE INTERPRETATION: NUCLEOSIDE AND NUCLEOTIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
Mutations associated with resistance
Mutations associated with « possible resistance »
T215Y/F
T215A/C/D/E/G/H/I/L/N/S/V [1, 2, 3, 4]
At least 3 mutations among : M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W,
T215A/C/D/E/G/H/I/L/N/S/V, K219Q/E [1, 2, 3, 4]
Q151M
Insertion at codon 69
M184V/I
K65R [11, 12, 16]
Insertion at codon 69
Q151M
At least a score of + 2 among: M41L + T69D + 215Y/F + K219Q/E – K70R
K65R [11, 12]
– M184 V/I [5, 14, 15, 17, 18]
L74V/I [19]
Q151M
Insertion at codon 69
V75A/M/S/T
T215A/C/D/E/G/H/I/L/N/S/V [4, 7]
T215Y/F [6]
At least 3 mutations among : M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W,
T215A/C/D/E/G/H/I/L/N/S/V, K219Q/E [4, 7, 14, 15]
K65R [30, 31, 32]
Q151M
Insertion at codon 69
At least 4 mutations among : M41L, D67N, M184V/I, L210W, T215Y/F [8,
3 mutations among : M41L, D67N, M184V/I, L210W,
T215Y/F [8, 19, 29]
K65R [9, 11, 12]
L74V/I [24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29]
Y115F
Q151M
Insertion at codon 69
At least 6 mutations among: M41L, E44D, D67N, T69D/N/S, L74V/I,
3, 4 or 5 mutations among: M41L, E44D, D67N,
L210W, T215Y/F [13, 20, 33]
T69D/N/S, L74V/I, L210W, T215Y/F [13, 33]
K65R [9, 10, 11, 12]
Insertion at codon 69
K70E [21, 22, 23]
ZDV: zidovudine, 3TC: lamivudine, FTC: emtricitabine, ddI: didanosine, d4T: stavudine, ABC: abacavir, TDF: tenofovir
September 2012- Version n°22
ANRS - AC 11 : RESISTANCE GROUP
GENOTYPE INTERPRETATION: NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
Mutations associated with resistance
Mutations associated with « possible resistance »
L100I
K101E
K103H/N/S/T [1]
V106M [2]
E138K [12, 13]
Y181C/I
Y188C/L
G190A/C/E/Q/S/T/V
P225H
M230L
A98S (for HIV-1 subtype C only) [3]
E138K [13]
L100I
K101E
K103H/N/S/T [1]
V106A/M [2]
Y181C/I
Y188C/H/L
G190A/C/E/Q/S/T/V
M230L
At least 4 among: V90I, A98G, L100I,
3 mutations among: V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/I/P/R,
K101E/H/I/P/R, V106I, V179D/F/I/L/M/T, Y181C/I,
V106I, V179D/F/I/L/M/T, Y181C/I, G190A/S,M230L [4, 7, 8,
G190A/S,M230L [4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
9, 10, 11]
E138K [12, 13]
Y181V [5, 6]
E138A/G/Q/R [5, 6, 7, 8]
Y181C+H221Y [7]

K101E/P [9, 13]
E138A/G/K/Q/R/S [12, 13, 14]
V179L [9]
Y181C/I/V [13]
Y188L [9]
H221Y [13]
M230I/L/V [9]
L100I + K103N [9]
EFV: efavirenz, NVP: nevirapine, ETR: etravirine, RPV : rilpivirine
September 2012- Version n°22
ANRS - AC 11 : RESISTANCE GROUP
GENOTYPE INTERPRETATION: PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Mutations associated with resistance
Mutations associated with « possible resistance »
M46I/L
V82A/F/M/S/T [11]
I84A/V [8]
L90M and at least 2 among : K20M/R, L24I, V32I, M36I,
I54V/L/M/T, A71V/T, G73S/A, V77I
At least 4 mutations among: L10F/I/M/R/V, I15A/V, K20I/M/R/T,
3 mutations among: L10F/I/M/R/V, I15A/V, K20I/M/R/T, L24I,
1000/100 mg
L24I, I62V, G73S/T, V82A/F/S/T, I84V, L90M [9]
I62V, G73S/T, V82A/F/S/T, I84V, L90M [9]
V82A/F/S/T and at least 2 among: L10I, M36I, M46I/L,
I84A/V [8]
I54V/L/M/T, A71V/T, V77I [1]
L90M
I50V
V32I and I47A/V [2, 13, 14]
700/100 mg BID
At least 4 mutations among: L10F/I/V, L33F, M36I,
I54A/L/M/S/T/V, I62V, V82A/C/F/G, I84V, L90M [2, 20]
At least 6 mutations among : L10F/I/R/V, K20M/R, L24I, L33F,
4 or 5 mutations among: L10F/I/R/V, K20M/R, L24I, L33F,
M46I/L, I50V, F53L, I54M/L/T/V, L63P, A71I/L/V/T, V82A/F/S/T,
M46I/L, I50V, F53L, I54M/L/T/V, L63P, A71I/L/V/T,
I84V, L90M [3, 4, 5, 21]
V82A/F/S/T, I84V, L90M [3, 4, 5, 21]
I47A [15, 16]
L76V [18, 19]
I50L [6]
300/100 mg QD
N88S [28,29,30]
At least 3 mutations among: L10F/I/V, G16E, L33F/I/V, M46I/L,
D60E, I84V, I85V, L90M [7, 12, 22]
At least a score of + 3* : 36I/L/V – 53L/W/Y + 58E +
A score of + 2* : 36I/L/V – 53L/W/Y + 58E + 69I/K/N/Q/R/Y +
69I/K/N/Q/R/Y + 89I/M/R/T/V [10, 23]
89I/M/R/T/V [10, 23]
500/200 mg BID
At least 4 mutations among: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V,
3 mutations among: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L/M,
I54L/M, T74P, L76V, I84V, L89V [17, 24, 25, 26]
T74P, L76V, I84V, L89V [17, 24, 25, 26]
600/100 mg BID
September 2012- Version n°22
IDV: indinavir, SQV: saquinavir, NFV: nelfinavir, RTV: ritonavir, FPV: fosamprenavir, LPV: lopinavir, ATV:atazanavir, TPV: tipranavir,
DRV : darunavir

* Insufficient data for HIV-1 subtype non-B

September 2012- Version n°22
ANRS - AC 11 : RESISTANCE GROUP
GENOTYPE INTERPRETATION: FUSION INHIBITOR
Mutations associated with resistance
G36A/D/E/S/V [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
V38A/E/K/M
Q40H/K/P/T
N42D/T
N43D/H/K/S
L45Q/M
ENF (T20): enfuvirtide
September 2012- Version n°22
ANRS - AC 11 : RESISTANCE GROUP
GENOTYPE INTERPRETATION: INTEGRASE INHIBITORS
Mutations associated with resistance
Mutations associated with « possible resistance »
T66K [10]
E92Q [1, 2]
G118R [10]
F121Y [10]
G140A/S [7]
Y143C/G/H/R/S [1, 3, 4, 5, 8]
Q148E/G/H/K/R [1, 2]
V151L [9]
N155H/S/T [1, 2, 9]
E157Q [2]
T66I/A/K [6]
E92Q [6]
F121Y [9]
E138K
G140C/S
P145S [9]
S147G
Q148H/R/K [6]
V151L [9]
N155H/S/T [6,9]
E157Q [11]
G118R [12,13]
T66K [9]
V151L [9]
S153F
S153Y
T66K + L74M
E92Q + N155H
E138A/K + Q148H/K/R
G140C/S + Q148H/K/R
Q148R + N155H
RAL: raltegravir, EVG: elvitegravir, DTG: dolutegravir
September 2012- Version n°22
ANRS - AC 11 : RESISTANCE GROUP
GENOTYPE INTERPRETATION FOR HIV-2
NUCLEOSIDE AND NUCLEOTIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS

K65R : resistance to ddI, TDF, ABC [1]
Q151M : all NRTI except 3TC and FTC [1]
M184V : resistance to 3TC/FTC [1]
S215A/C/F/L/P/Y : resistance to AZT and d4T [1]
NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS

Naturally resistant to all NNRTI [2, 3]

PROTEASE INHIBITORS

Naturally resistant to APV and fosAPV [2, 3]
Contradictory data for ATV , TPV [2, 4]

FUSION INHIBITOR

Naturally resistant to T20 [2, 3]
INTEGRASE INHIBITORS

Y143C/H/R : resistance to raltegravir [7]
Q148K/R : resistance to raltegravir [5]
N155H : resistance to raltegravir [6]
September 2012- Version n°22
REFERENCES
Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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(BHRT) Supporting Literature Chem Res Toxicol 1998 Sep;11(9):1105-11 The equine estrogen metabolite 4-hydroxyequilenin causes DNA single-strand breaks and oxidation of DNA bases in vitro. Chen Y, Shen L, Zhang F, Lau SS, van Breemen RB, Nikolic D, Bolton JL Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.

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